Working with Models¶

<?php

namespace Store\Toys;

use Phalcon\Mvc\Model;

class RobotParts extends Model
{

}

<?php

namespace Store\Toys;

use Phalcon\Mvc\Model;

class RobotParts extends Model
{
    public function initialize()
    {
        $this->setSource('toys_robot_parts');
    }
}

<?php

namespace Store\Toys;

use Phalcon\Mvc\Model;

class RobotParts extends Model
{
    public function onConstruct()
    {
        // ...
    }
}

<?php

namespace Store\Toys;

use Phalcon\Mvc\Model;

class Robots extends Model
{
    public $id;

    public $name;

    public $price;
}

<?php

namespace Store\Toys;

use InvalidArgumentException;
use Phalcon\Mvc\Model;

class Robots extends Model
{
    protected $id;

    protected $name;

    protected $price;

    public function getId()
    {
        return $this->id;
    }

    public function setName($name)
    {
        // The name is too short?
        if (strlen($name) < 10) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException(
                'The name is too short'
            );
        }

        $this->name = $name;
    }

    public function getName()
    {
        return $this->name;
    }

    public function setPrice($price)
    {
        // Negative prices aren't allowed
        if ($price < 0) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException(
                "Price can't be negative"
            );
        }

        $this->price = $price;
    }

    public function getPrice()
    {
        // Convert the value to double before be used
        return (double) $this->price;
    }
}

mysql> select * from robots;
+----+------------+------------+------+
| id | name       | type       | year |
+----+------------+------------+------+
|  1 | Robotina   | mechanical | 1972 |
|  2 | Astro Boy  | mechanical | 1952 |
|  3 | Terminator | cyborg     | 2029 |
+----+------------+------------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

<?php

use Store\Toys\Robots;

// Find record with id = 3
$robot = Robots::findFirst(3);

// Prints 'Terminator'
echo $robot->name;

<?php

use Store\Toys\Robots;

$robot = Robots::findFirst(3);

$robot->name = 'RoboCop';

$robot->save();

<?php

use Store\Toys\Robots;

// How many robots are there?
$robots = Robots::find();
echo 'There are ', count($robots), "\n";

// How many mechanical robots are there?
$robots = Robots::find("type = 'mechanical'");
echo 'There are ', count($robots), "\n";

// Get and print virtual robots ordered by name
$robots = Robots::find(
    [
        "type = 'virtual'",
        'order' => 'name',
    ]
);
foreach ($robots as $robot) {
    echo $robot->name, "\n";
}

// Get first 100 virtual robots ordered by name
$robots = Robots::find(
    [
        "type = 'virtual'",
        'order' => 'name',
        'limit' => 100,
    ]
);
foreach ($robots as $robot) {
   echo $robot->name, "\n";
}

<?php

use Store\Toys\Robots;

// What's the first robot in robots table?
$robot = Robots::findFirst();
echo 'The robot name is ', $robot->name, "\n";

// What's the first mechanical robot in robots table?
$robot = Robots::findFirst("type = 'mechanical'");
echo 'The first mechanical robot name is ', $robot->name, "\n";

// Get first virtual robot ordered by name
$robot = Robots::findFirst(
    [
        "type = 'virtual'",
        'order' => 'name',
    ]
);

echo 'The first virtual robot name is ', $robot->name, "\n";

<?php

use Store\Toys\Robots;

$robot = Robots::findFirst(
    [
        "type = 'virtual'",
        'order' => 'name DESC',
        'limit' => 30,
    ]
);

$robots = Robots::find(
    [
        'conditions' => 'type = ?1',
        'bind'       => [
            1 => 'virtual',
        ]
    ]
);

<?php

use Store\Toys\Robots;

$robots = Robots::query()
    ->where('type = :type:')
    ->andWhere('year < 2000')
    ->bind(['type' => 'mechanical'])
    ->order('name')
    ->execute();

<?php

namespace Store\Toys;

use Phalcon\Mvc\Model;

class Robots extends Model
{
    public $id;

    public $name;

    public $price;
}

<?php

use Store\Toys\Robots;

$name = 'Terminator';

$robot = Robots::findFirstByName($name);

if ($robot) {
    echo 'The first robot with the name ' . $name . ' cost ' . $robot->price . '.';
} else {
    echo 'There were no robots found in our table with the name ' . $name . '.';
}

<?php

use Store\Toys\Robots;

// Get all robots
$robots = Robots::find();

// Traversing with a foreach
foreach ($robots as $robot) {
    echo $robot->name, "\n";
}

// Traversing with a while
$robots->rewind();

while ($robots->valid()) {
    $robot = $robots->current();

    echo $robot->name, "\n";

    $robots->next();
}

// Count the resultset
echo count($robots);

// Alternative way to count the resultset
echo $robots->count();

// Move the internal cursor to the third robot
$robots->seek(2);

$robot = $robots->current();

// Access a robot by its position in the resultset
$robot = $robots[5];

// Check if there is a record in certain position
if (isset($robots[3])) {
   $robot = $robots[3];
}

// Get the first record in the resultset
$robot = $robots->getFirst();

// Get the last record
$robot = $robots->getLast();

<?php

// Query all records from model parts
$parts = Parts::find();

// Store the resultset into a file
file_put_contents(
    'cache.txt',
    serialize($parts)
);

// Get parts from file
$parts = unserialize(
    file_get_contents('cache.txt')
);

// Traverse the parts
foreach ($parts as $part) {
    echo $part->id;
}

<?php

namespace Application\Mvc\Model\Resultset;

use \Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Resultset\Simple;

class Custom extends Simple
{
    public function getSomeData() {
        /** CODE */
    }
}

<?php

namespace Phalcon\Test\Models\Statistics;

use Phalcon\Mvc\Model;

class Robots extends Model
{
    public function getSource()
    {
        return 'robots';
    }

    public function getResultsetClass()
    {
    return 'Application\Mvc\Model\Resultset\Custom';
    }
}

<?php

/**
 * Find the robots 
 */
$robots = Robots::find(
    [
        'conditions' => 'date between "2017-01-01" AND "2017-12-31"',
        'order'      => 'date'
    ]
);

/**
 * Pass the data to the view
 */
$this->view->mydata = $robots->getSomeData();

<?php

$customers = Customers::find();

$customers = $customers->filter(
    function ($customer) {
        // Return only customers with a valid e-mail
        if (filter_var($customer->email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)) {
            return $customer;
        }
    }
);

<?php

use Store\Toys\Robots;

// Query robots binding parameters with string placeholders
// Parameters whose keys are the same as placeholders
$robots = Robots::find(
    [
        'name = :name: AND type = :type:',
        'bind' => [
            'name' => 'Robotina',
            'type' => 'maid',
        ],
    ]
);

// Query robots binding parameters with integer placeholders
$robots = Robots::find(
    [
        'name = ?1 AND type = ?2',
        'bind' => [
            1 => 'Robotina',
            2 => 'maid',
        ],
    ]
);

// Query robots binding parameters with both string and integer placeholders
// Parameters whose keys are the same as placeholders
$robots = Robots::find(
    [
        'name = :name: AND type = ?1',
        'bind' => [
            'name' => 'Robotina',
            1      => 'maid',
        ],
    ]
);

<?php

use Phalcon\Db\Column;
use Store\Toys\Robots;

// Bind parameters
$parameters = [
    'name' => 'Robotina',
    'year' => 2008,
];

// Casting Types
$types = [
    'name' => Column::BIND_PARAM_STR,
    'year' => Column::BIND_PARAM_INT,
];

// Query robots binding parameters with string placeholders
$robots = Robots::find(
    [
        'name = :name: AND year = :year:',
        'bind'      => $parameters,
        'bindTypes' => $types,
    ]
);

<?php

use Store\Toys\Robots;

$array = ['a','b','c']; // $array: [[0] => 'a', [1] => 'b', [2] => 'c']

unset($array[1]); // $array: [[0] => 'a', [2] => 'c']

// Now we have to renumber the keys
$array = array_values($array); // $array: [[0] => 'a', [1] => 'c']

$robots = Robots::find(
    [
        'letter IN ({letter:array})',
        'bind' => [
            'letter' => $array
        ]
    ]
);

<?php

use Store\Toys\Robots;

// Explicit query using bound parameters
$robots = Robots::find(
    [
        'name = ?0',
        'bind' => [
            'Ultron',
        ],
    ]
);

// Implicit query using bound parameters
$robots = Robots::findByName('Ultron');

<?php

namespace Store\Toys;

use Phalcon\Mvc\Model;

class Robots extends Model
{
    public $id;

    public $name;

    public $status;

    public function beforeSave()
    {
        // Convert the array into a string
        $this->status = join(',', $this->status);
    }

    public function afterFetch()
    {
        // Convert the string to an array
        $this->status = explode(',', $this->status);
    }

    public function afterSave()
    {
        // Convert the string to an array
        $this->status = explode(',', $this->status);
    }
}

<?php

namespace Store\Toys;

use Phalcon\Mvc\Model;

class Robots extends Model
{
    public $id;

    public $name;

    public $status;

    public function getStatus()
    {
        return explode(',', $this->status);
    }
}

<?php

// How many employees are?
$rowcount = Employees::count();

// How many different areas are assigned to employees?
$rowcount = Employees::count(
    [
        'distinct' => 'area',
    ]
);

// How many employees are in the Testing area?
$rowcount = Employees::count(
    'area = 'Testing''
);

// Count employees grouping results by their area
$group = Employees::count(
    [
        'group' => 'area',
    ]
);
foreach ($group as $row) {
   echo 'There are ', $row->rowcount, ' in ', $row->area;
}

// Count employees grouping by their area and ordering the result by count
$group = Employees::count(
    [
        'group' => 'area',
        'order' => 'rowcount',
    ]
);

// Avoid SQL injections using bound parameters
$group = Employees::count(
    [
        'type > ?0',
        'bind' => [
            $type
        ],
    ]
);

<?php

// How much are the salaries of all employees?
$total = Employees::sum(
    [
        'column' => 'salary',
    ]
);

// How much are the salaries of all employees in the Sales area?
$total = Employees::sum(
    [
        'column'     => 'salary',
        'conditions' => "area = 'Sales'",
    ]
);

// Generate a grouping of the salaries of each area
$group = Employees::sum(
    [
        'column' => 'salary',
        'group'  => 'area',
    ]
);
foreach ($group as $row) {
   echo 'The sum of salaries of the ', $row->area, ' is ', $row->sumatory;
}

// Generate a grouping of the salaries of each area ordering
// salaries from higher to lower
$group = Employees::sum(
    [
        'column' => 'salary',
        'group'  => 'area',
        'order'  => 'sumatory DESC',
    ]
);

// Avoid SQL injections using bound parameters
$group = Employees::sum(
    [
        'conditions' => 'area > ?0',
        'bind'       => [
            $area
        ],
    ]
);

<?php

// What is the average salary for all employees?
$average = Employees::average(
    [
        'column' => 'salary',
    ]
);

// What is the average salary for the Sales's area employees?
$average = Employees::average(
    [
        'column'     => 'salary',
        'conditions' => "area = 'Sales'",
    ]
);

// Avoid SQL injections using bound parameters
$average = Employees::average(
    [
        'column'     => 'age',
        'conditions' => 'area > ?0',
        'bind'       => [
            $area
        ],
    ]
);

<?php

// What is the oldest age of all employees?
$age = Employees::maximum(
    [
        'column' => 'age',
    ]
);

// What is the oldest of employees from the Sales area?
$age = Employees::maximum(
    [
        'column'     => 'age',
        'conditions' => "area = 'Sales'",
    ]
);

// What is the lowest salary of all employees?
$salary = Employees::minimum(
    [
        'column' => 'salary',
    ]
);

<?php

use Store\Toys\Robots;

$robot = new Robots();

$robot->type = 'mechanical';
$robot->name = 'Astro Boy';
$robot->year = 1952;

if ($robot->save() === false) {
    echo "Umh, We can't store robots right now: \n";

    $messages = $robot->getMessages();

    foreach ($messages as $message) {
        echo $message, "\n";
    }
} else {
    echo 'Great, a new robot was saved successfully!';
}

<?php

use Store\Toys\Robots;

$robot = new Robots();

$robot->save(
    [
        'type' => 'mechanical',
        'name' => 'Astro Boy',
        'year' => 1952,
    ]
);

<?php

use Store\Toys\Robots;

$robot = new Robots();

$robot->save($_POST);

<?php

use Store\Toys\Robots;

$robot = new Robots();

$robot->save(
    $_POST,
    [
        'name',
        'type',
    ]
);

<?php

use Store\Toys\Robots;

$robot = new Robots();

$robot->type = 'mechanical';
$robot->name = 'Astro Boy';
$robot->year = 1952;

// This record only must be created
if ($robot->create() === false) {
    echo "Umh, We can't store robots right now: \n";

    $messages = $robot->getMessages();

    foreach ($messages as $message) {
        echo $message, "\n";
    }
} else {
    echo 'Great, a new robot was created successfully!';
}

<?php

use Store\Toys\Robots;

$robot = Robots::findFirst(11);

if ($robot !== false) {
    if ($robot->delete() === false) {
        echo "Sorry, we can't delete the robot right now: \n";

        $messages = $robot->getMessages();

        foreach ($messages as $message) {
            echo $message, "\n";
        }
    } else {
        echo 'The robot was deleted successfully!';
    }
}

<?php

use Store\Toys\Robots;

$robots = Robots::find(
    "type = 'mechanical'"
);

foreach ($robots as $robot) {
    if ($robot->delete() === false) {
        echo "Sorry, we can't delete the robot right now: \n";

        $messages = $robot->getMessages();

        foreach ($messages as $message) {
            echo $message, "\n";
        }
    } else {
        echo 'The robot was deleted successfully!';
    }
}

<?php

namespace Store\Toys;

use Phalcon\Mvc\Model;

class Robots extends Model
{
    public function beforeDelete()
    {
        if ($this->status === 'A') {
            echo "The robot is active, it can't be deleted";

            return false;
        }

        return true;
    }
}

<?php

use Store\Toys\Robots;

$robots = Robots::find();

// Manipulating a resultset of complete objects
foreach ($robots as $robot) {
    $robot->year = 2000;

    $robot->save();
}

<?php

use Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Resultset;
use Store\Toys\Robots;

$robots = Robots::find();

// Return every robot as an array
$robots->setHydrateMode(
    Resultset::HYDRATE_ARRAYS
);

foreach ($robots as $robot) {
    echo $robot['year'], PHP_EOL;
}

// Return every robot as a stdClass
$robots->setHydrateMode(
    Resultset::HYDRATE_OBJECTS
);

foreach ($robots as $robot) {
    echo $robot->year, PHP_EOL;
}

// Return every robot as a Robots instance
$robots->setHydrateMode(
    Resultset::HYDRATE_RECORDS
);

foreach ($robots as $robot) {
    echo $robot->year, PHP_EOL;
}

<?php

use Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Resultset;
use Store\Toys\Robots;

$robots = Robots::find(
    [
        'hydration' => Resultset::HYDRATE_ARRAYS,
    ]
);

foreach ($robots as $robot) {
    echo $robot['year'], PHP_EOL;
}

<?php

use Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Manager;
use Phalcon\Mvc\Model;

class Robots extends Model
{

}

$manager = new Manager();
$manager->setModelPrefix('wp_');
$robots = new Robots(null, null, $manager);
echo $robots->getSource(); // will return wp_robots

<?php

$robot->save();

echo 'The generated id is: ', $robot->id;

<?php

namespace Store\Toys;

use Phalcon\Mvc\Model;

class Robots extends Model
{
    public function getSequenceName()
    {
        return 'robots_sequence_name';
    }
}

<?php

namespace Store\Toys;

use Phalcon\Mvc\Model;

class Robots extends Model
{
    public function initialize()
    {
        // Skips fields/columns on both INSERT/UPDATE operations
        $this->skipAttributes(
            [
                'year',
                'price',
            ]
        );

        // Skips only when inserting
        $this->skipAttributesOnCreate(
            [
                'created_at',
            ]
        );

        // Skips only when updating
        $this->skipAttributesOnUpdate(
            [
                'modified_in',
            ]
        );
    }
}

<?php

use Store\Toys\Robots;

use Phalcon\Db\RawValue;

$robot = new Robots();

$robot->name       = 'Bender';
$robot->year       = 1999;
$robot->created_at = new RawValue('default');

$robot->create();

<?php

namespace Store\Toys;

use Phalcon\Mvc\Model;
use Phalcon\Db\RawValue;

class Robots extends Model
{
    public function beforeCreate()
    {
        if ($this->price > 10000) {
            $this->type = new RawValue('default');
        }
    }
}

<?php

namespace Store\Toys;

use Phalcon\Mvc\Model;

class Robots extends Model
{
    public function initialize()
    {
        $this->useDynamicUpdate(true);
    }
}

<?php

namespace Store\Toys;

use Phalcon\Mvc\Model;

class Robots extends Model
{
    public $code;

    public $theName;

    public $theType;

    public $theYear;

    public function columnMap()
    {
        // Keys are the real names in the table and
        // the values their names in the application
        return [
            'id'       => 'code',
            'the_name' => 'theName',
            'the_type' => 'theType',
            'the_year' => 'theYear',
        ];
    }
}

<?php

use Store\Toys\Robots;

// Find a robot by its name
$robot = Robots::findFirst(
    "theName = 'Voltron'"
);

echo $robot->theName, "\n";

// Get robots ordered by type
$robot = Robots::find(
    [
        'order' => 'theType DESC',
    ]
);

foreach ($robots as $robot) {
    echo 'Code: ', $robot->code, "\n";
}

// Create a robot
$robot = new Robots();

$robot->code    = '10101';
$robot->theName = 'Bender';
$robot->theType = 'Industrial';
$robot->theYear = 2999;

$robot->save();

<?php

namespace Store\Toys;

use Phalcon\Mvc\Model;

class Robots extends Model
{
    public function initialize()
    {
        $this->keepSnapshots(true);
    }
}

<?php

use Store\Toys\Robots;

// Get a record from the database
$robot = Robots::findFirst();

// Change a column
$robot->name = 'Other name';

var_dump($robot->getChangedFields()); // ['name']

var_dump($robot->hasChanged('name')); // true

var_dump($robot->hasChanged('type')); // false

Phalcon\Mvc\Model::setup(
    [
        'updateSnapshotOnSave' => false,
    ]
);

phalcon.orm.update_snapshot_on_save = 0

<?php

use Phalcon\Mvc\Model;

class User extends Model
{
  public function initialize()
  {
      $this->keepSnapshots(true);
  }
}

$user       = new User();
$user->name = 'Test User';
$user->create();
var_dump($user->getChangedFields());
$user->login = 'testuser';
var_dump($user->getChangedFields());
$user->update();
var_dump($user->getChangedFields());

array(0) {
}
array(1) {
[0]=> 
    string(5) "login"
}
array(0) {
}

<?php

namespace Store\Toys;

use Phalcon\Mvc\Model;

class Robots extends Model
{
    public function initialize()
    {
        $this->setSchema('toys');
    }
}

<?php

use Phalcon\Db\Adapter\Pdo\Mysql as MysqlPdo;
use Phalcon\Db\Adapter\Pdo\PostgreSQL as PostgreSQLPdo;

// This service returns a MySQL database
$di->set(
    'dbMysql',
    function () {
        return new MysqlPdo(
            [
                'host'     => 'localhost',
                'username' => 'root',
                'password' => 'secret',
                'dbname'   => 'invo',
            ]
        );
    }
);

// This service returns a PostgreSQL database
$di->set(
    'dbPostgres',
    function () {
        return new PostgreSQLPdo(
            [
                'host'     => 'localhost',
                'username' => 'postgres',
                'password' => '',
                'dbname'   => 'invo',
            ]
        );
    }
);

<?php

namespace Store\Toys;

use Phalcon\Mvc\Model;

class Robots extends Model
{
    public function initialize()
    {
        $this->setConnectionService('dbPostgres');
    }
}

<?php

namespace Store\Toys;

use Phalcon\Mvc\Model;

class Robots extends Model
{
    public function initialize()
    {
        $this->setReadConnectionService('dbSlave');

        $this->setWriteConnectionService('dbMaster');
    }
}

<?php

namespace Store\Toys;

use Phalcon\Mvc\Model;

class Robots extends Model
{
    /**
     * Dynamically selects a shard
     *
     * @param array $intermediate
     * @param array $bindParams
     * @param array $bindTypes
     */
    public function selectReadConnection($intermediate, $bindParams, $bindTypes)
    {
        // Check if there is a 'where' clause in the select
        if (isset($intermediate['where'])) {
            $conditions = $intermediate['where'];

            // Choose the possible shard according to the conditions
            if ($conditions['left']['name'] === 'id') {
                $id = $conditions['right']['value'];

                if ($id > 0 && $id < 10000) {
                    return $this->getDI()->get('dbShard1');
                }

                if ($id > 10000) {
                    return $this->getDI()->get('dbShard2');
                }
            }
        }

        // Use a default shard
        return $this->getDI()->get('dbShard0');
    }
}

<?php

use Store\Toys\Robots;

$robot = Robots::findFirst('id = 101');

<?php

namespace Store\Toys;

use Phalcon\Mvc\Model;

class Robots extends Model
{
    public function notSaved()
    {
        // Obtain the flash service from the DI container
        $flash = $this->getDI()->getFlash();

        $messages = $this->getMessages();

        // Show validation messages
        foreach ($messages as $message) {
            $flash->error($message);
        }
    }
}

<?php

use Phalcon\Mvc\Model;

Model::setup(
    [
        'events'         => false,
        'columnRenaming' => false,
    ]
);

<?php

use Phalcon\Di;
use Phalcon\Mvc\Model;
use Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Manager as ModelsManager;
use Phalcon\Db\Adapter\Pdo\Sqlite as Connection;
use Phalcon\Mvc\Model\Metadata\Memory as MetaData;

$di = new Di();

// Setup a connection
$di->set(
    'db',
    new Connection(
        [
            'dbname' => 'sample.db',
        ]
    )
);

// Set a models manager
$di->set(
    'modelsManager',
    new ModelsManager()
);

// Use the memory meta-data adapter or other
$di->set(
    'modelsMetadata',
    new MetaData()
);

// Create a model
class Robots extends Model
{

}

// Use the model
echo Robots::count();